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Broken Wheel Test™ & Advanced Guide

Broken Wheel Test™ & Advanced Guide

Item #: BWT+

Professional Pricing Available to Healthcare Professionals, Schools, & Government. Click on the blue info button for more details.

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  • Broken Wheel Test™

    • Product not available to general public. Healthcare Professionals, Schools, & Government, please login for pricing. Click on the blue info button for more details

  • Advanced Guide for the Broken Wheel Test™

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Broken Wheel Test™

Easily administered, valid and reliable test of visual acuity in children 2 to 5 years of age, the visually or mentally handicapped, the multiple handicapped, deaf, or brain damaged, of any age.

Uses a clinical approach of testing for visual acuity by incorporating the Landolt C. The Broken Wheel Acuity Test utilizes cards that have a familiar, non-threatening symbol (car), presented in a forced choice response. The simple recognition of the gap in a Landolt Ring is the critical feature.

The acuity level in this test has been established to be equivalent to the Snellen Letter optotype.

No interpretation of the directional orientation of the optotypes is necessary, since both cards are the same except for the critical feature. Responses can be by finger pointing, hand pointing, or by eye pointing.

Includes a pretest for response reliability.

Broken Wheel Test™ - Advanced Guide

Detailed guide for utilizing the broken wheel test cards. Includes training exercises with accompanied illustrations. Letters, screening worksheets and glossary are also included.

Broken Wheel Test Cards

 Card Size: 4" x 8"
Material: White washable vinyl
18 cards in a set

Note: Advanced Guide sold separately

Broken Wheel Test™ - Advanced Guide

 • Spiral bound
• 27 pages
• Cardstock cover and back cover

Research Articles:

Schmidt PP. Allen figure and broken wheel visual acuity measurement in preschool children. J Am Optom Assoc. 1992 Feb;63(2):124-30. PMID: 1583265.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1583265/

JE Richman, GT Petito, MT Cron (1984) Broken wheel acuity test: a new and valid test for preschool and exceptional children. J Am Optom Assoc. 1984 Aug;55(8):561-5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6481065/

McDonald M, Chaudry NM. Comparison of four methods of assessing visual acuity in young children. Optom Vis Sci. 1989 Jun;66(6):363-9. doi: 10.1097/00006324-198906000-00005. PMID: 2771321. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2771321/

Jones D, Westall C, Averbeck K, Abdolell M. Visual acuity assessment: a comparison of two tests for measuring children's vision. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2003 Nov;23(6):541-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1475-1313.2003.00150.x. PMID: 14622358. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14622358/

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